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Background
This approach to strategic
management evolved through many
years of practical experience
with multinational organizations
in several industries in Europe,
North America and Asia.
Organizations that have
pioneered this kind of approach
to strategic management include
3M, British Telecom (BT), the
British National Health Service,
Dutch Telecom, Hewlett-Packard,
Jardine Matheson, Shell, State
Farm Insurance, and the US
Department of Defense.
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"In the case of complex adaptive
systems, their schemata have
consequences in the real world,
which exert selection pressures
back on the competition among
the schemata, and those schemata
that produce favorable results
in the real world have a
tendency to survive, or be
promoted, and those that are
less successful in the real
world have a tendency to be
demoted or disappear. In many
situations, complexity may offer
a selective advantage."
~
Murray Gell-Mann
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