Japan   Total Quality Management (TQM)   14 Points     Areas Targeted by TQM in Japan     Product Quality Improvement → Quality assurance → New product development (NPD) Improvements in the Workplace → Cost reduction → Safety → Productivity improvement     Management → Education and training → Organizational / systems development → Cross-functional management → Policy deployment → Quality deployment     Supply, Production, and Selling Chain → Supply management → Meeting production quotas → Meeting delivery schedules → Marketing → Sales → Services   Competitive Advantage of Japanese Firms 14 TQM Slogans at Pentel Kaizen and TQM Barriers to TQM Value Chain Innovation     Customer-oriented TQM means that one should always satisfy and never inconvenience the people in the next process because they are customers. Continuous improvement firms (CIF) get the most from customer-focused TQM.