Innovation Management:

New Product Development

Prototyping

Driving Growth through via Product/Service Innovation

By Vadim Kotelnikov, Inventor & Founder, Ten3 BUSINESS e-COACH – Innovation Unlimited, 1000ventures.com

"Nothing turns a concept into reality faster than a prototype."  – Paul Sloane

 

Five Stages of the Product Design Process

  1. Preparation of concepts

  2. Detailed design

  3. Production of prototypes

  4. Testing

  5. Final design

 

 

Purpose of Prototyping1,5

Incremental vs. Radical Innovation Projects

  1. Incremental innovation projects: The purpose of a prototype is to iron out wrinkles near the end of the design phase.

  2. Radical innovation projects: A prototype is a source of inspiration and accidental discoveries through experimentation, a mechanism for teaching the market, both internal and external, about the new technology/product and selling your ideas to others, and an instrument for learning from the markets how valuable that technology/product is in that application arena.

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Turning Ideas into Reality

"Before there is a prototype, the ideas exists in abstract form only," writes Paul Sloane.2 "It is described in words and leaves scope for misunderstanding. It is hard for the originator to convey exactly what he or she has in mind, and it is easy for people to get hold of the wrong end of the stick. Once the prototype exists then people can see and touch and feel the idea. Comments for improvement will flow thick and fast. Whether the prototype is a model in cardboard and string or a software application consisting of a few skeleton screens with nothing behind them, it presents a framework for refinement and extension of the idea."2

 Best Practices  Google

Google is the Internet’s number one search engine today. What is the reason for their remarkable success? It’s beta testing and market learning. They launched a less than perfect service into the market place to get market feedback. Feedback is the answer to dominating a market. It also makes great business sense. Google's competitors  were trying to perfect a product by themselves separate from their target market as Google was continuously and rapidly upgrading their original beta version by listening to the customer. They strived to achieve harmony with the reality... More

Prototyping is a Dance

 

"Prototyping is a dance," writes Tom Kelly1 from IDEO. Sometimes the music doesn't move you or your steps fail. But that's no reason to stop. Just as writer's block happens when writers stop writing, so, too, does innovation grind to a halt when prototypes stop being built. When the muse fails you, don't mope at your desk. Make something."

"I just prototype a bad idea and maybe shoot the hell out of it," says one of IDEO's engineers. He'll often know it's not the solution he wants, but if he prototypes it, he can shoot it down faster and then find out what doesn't work or perhaps discover something new. "Prototypes can be a source of creation and insurance. When all else fails, prototype till you're silly."1

A Source of Inspiration: Encourage Accidental Discoveries

"Quick prototyping is about acting before you've got the answers, about taking chances, stumbling a little, but then making it right. Living, moving prototypes can help shape your ideas. When you're creating something new to the world, you can't look over your shoulder to see what your competitors are doing; you have to find another source of inspiration," writes Tom Kelly1 from IDEO. "Once you start drawing or making things, you open up new possibilities of discovery. Doodling, drawing, modeling. Sketch ideas and make things, and you're likely to encourage accidental discoveries. At most fundamental level, what we're talking about is play, about exploring borders."1

Learning About the Markets for New-To-The-World Products

"No one tests the depth of a river with both feet." – Ashanti proverb

Radical innovators generally have only the outlines of a very big picture and, compared with incremental innovators, must operate in the dark, since customers seldom have a context for understanding the product or its capabilities. Neither the final new-to-the world product, nor its applications can be described reliably. As exploratory questions are most important for market learning, traditional market research methods designed to answer traditional market research questions are used infrequently in radical innovation projects. To do a better job of learning about markets for radical innovations, some alternative approaches, including early prototyping, should be practiced.5... More

 Case in Point  Discovery of the Structure of DNA

Source: The Art of Innovation, Tom Kelley

 

"I decided that no harm could come from spending a few days building backbone models," said 1963 Nobel Prize winner James Watson, referring to the metal prototypes he and fellow geneticist Francis Crick used to model and test their hypotheses. "Perhaps a week of solid fiddling with the molecular models would be necessary to make us absolutely sure we had the right answer."

Although their academic colleagues were skeptical of the approach, Watson and Crick's freethinking style and openness to two-dimensional and three-dimensional prototyping helped guide them toward the momentous discovery of the structure of DNA. Even Watson sometimes wondered if he was floundering. "My doodling of the bases on paper at first got nowhere. Not until the middle of the next week, however, did a nontrivial idea emerge. It came while I was drawing the fused rings of adenine on paper."

 

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References:

  1. The Art of Innovation, Tom Kelley

  2. "Lateral Thinking Skills", Paul Sloane

  3. "Driving Growth Through Innovation", Robert B. Tucker

  4. "Managing New Products", Thomas D. Kuczmarski

  5. "Radical Innovation", Harvard Business School

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Inventor, Author & Founder – Vadim Kotelnikov

© Vadim Kotelnikov, GIVIS